Canola (Rape) Farming Book

THE IMPORTANCE OF CANOA:

Canola grain, also known as rapiska, rapitsa and rapeseed in our country, is an important oil plant with 38-50% oil and 16-24% protein. The boiling point of canola oil (238 ºC) is very high compared to other vegetable oils. It also does not spoil easily in terms of frying oils. In terms of energy, canola oil is the most suitable raw material for the production of biofuel (biodiesel).

CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUIREMENTS:

Under canola plants, winter and yetiştirilebilmektedir.ülke we usually winter canola crop yapılmaktadır.kışlık canola winter snow cottage -15 ºC to have completed dayanıklıdır.ancak the winter came on rozetleş our region seeding for the gerekmektedir.b should be completed in September.

Canola plant is grown in almost every soil except sandy and light soils. It is very damaged in agricultural areas that retain water and are ponded. The soil it grows best in is humus, deep, neutral or slightly alkaline and slightly acid soils.

SOIL PREPARATION:

Since the canola seed is very small and its output power to the soil surface is low after germination, the seed bed should be well prepared.

If canola is to be planted after the grain harvest, the stubble is buried under the soil by ploughing with a plow in shade annealing or after falling rains. Then, a thin seed bed is prepared by pulling a crowbar and rake.

OCTOBER TIME:

Sowing time is closely related to soil temperature. Soil temperature should be at least 10-12 ºC for good germination. The planting process should be completed in September in our region.

SEED :

Seed is of great importance in canola agriculture. Farmers should never separate the product they harvest as seeds. Because the canola plant is crossed with wild mustard species up to 50%, when the product harvested in the second year is planted as seed, the ratio of erucic acid in the oil and glucosanalate in the pulp of the harvested product will increase. Certified seeds produced every year in a controlled manner must be purchased by the producers.

FORM OF OCTOBER:

Canola sowing is done with a mechanical or pneumatic seeder that can sow small seeds such as a clover planter. With advanced sowing machines, 400-500 grams of seeds are sufficient for one decare and a smooth output is obtained.

In canola planting, the average spacing between rows is 20 cm, and the spacing between rows is 5 cm on average. is sufficient and the planting depth is 1.5-2 cm. It should be around.

FERTILIZATION:

Excessively frequent and deep planting should be avoided.

In order to make a correct fertilization in canola farming, it is essential for the producers to have their soil analyzed.

Canola per 50 kg. 1 kg of soil for yield. It removes S (Sulfur). Accordingly, it should be noted that the fertilizer forms to be applied are of ammonium sulfate type. In order to get a good yield, 12-14 kg per decare. pure nitrogen, 7-8 kg. Pure phosphorus should be given.

Half of the nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus fertilizer should be given at planting, and the other half of the nitrogen fertilizer should be given at the end of February and beginning of March.

WEED FIGHT:

If there is a weed problem in the field where canola will be planted, it should be properly sprayed with weed pesticides used before planting.

CONNECTING SEEDS IN CANola:

Canola needs honey bees for pollination (fertilization) during the flowering period, depending on whether the variety is self-pollinating more or less. Therefore, the presence of beehives near canola production fields during the flowering period increases fertilization and grain retention in the capsules.

Flowering and fertilization occur from the bottom up in the plant. The flowering of the canola in late April and early May provides the bees with abundant pollen.

HARVEST:

Canola is harvested 40 to 50 days after flowering, depending on the hot or rainy weather and the earliness of the variety.

When canola is harvested, the stems, leaves and capsules of the plants dry completely and turn yellow. A reddish yellow color occurs. If the seed has turned brown, it is time to harvest.

In the canola plant, maturation is from the bottom up. Since the canola grains are very small, the settings of the combine must be done very well before starting the harvest.

Yield per decare is 200-350 kg/da, depending on the yield strength of the planted variety, soil fertility and climatic conditions. between.

For a safe storage, the humidity of the grains should not exceed 9%. It should be stored in dry warehouses, otherwise it will heat up very quickly and become moldy.